Antarctic Explorers Timeline

Antarctic Expeditions of the 1940s

Year	Leader	Outcomes	Remarks
1940	?	Explored Prince Edward and Kerguelen.	England (Ship: Kreuzer Neptune)
1941	Peachy	Destroyed station off Deception island	England (Ship: Kreuzer Queen of Bermuda)
1940/41	Krüder	Worked in southern Indian Ocean. Explored Kerguelen.	Germany (Ship: Pinguin)
1940/41	Rogge	Explored Kerguelen.	Germany (Ship: Atlantis)
1940/41	Eyssen	Sailed along Wilkes land. Explored Kerguelen. Southernmost point: 71° 36' S, 170° 44' W	Germany (Ship: Komet )
1941		Sunk in fjords off the east side of Kerguelen.	England (Ship: Kreuzer Australia)
1942	Oddera	Photographed Deception and Melchior Archipeligo. Constructed beacons on Lambda Island and buoys off Point Gallows. Claimed portions of Antarctica for Argentina.	Argentina (Ships: 1st of May & Ministro Ezcurra)
1943	Kitson	Explored Deception and South Orkneys. Removed Argentina's national emblem.	England (Ship: Kreuzer Carnavon Castle)
1943	Harriague	Hydrographic work. Explored Melchior Islands, Stonington and Deception. Removed British national emblem. Constructed buoys in Marguerite Bay.	Argentina (Ship 1st of May)
1943/44	Marr	Constructed stations on Deception and Point Lockroy to report on enemy submarine action. Sailed along north coast of Graham Land.	England (Ships: William Scoresby & Fitzroy)
1944	Dato Montero	Routine sailing	Argentina (Ship: Pampa)
1944/45	Taylor	Constructed a station at Hope Bay and huts at Sandeford Bay, South Orkneys. Photographed Ross Island.	England (Ships: William Scoresby, Fitzroy, & Eagle)
1945	Korimblum	Routine sailing.	Argentina (Ship: Chaco)
1945/46	Bingham	Constructed a station at Cape Geddes and Stonington Island. Sledge journey along the east coast and surveyed Trinity Peninsula.	England (Ships: William Scoresby, Fitzroy, & Trepassey.)
1946	Moreno	Routine sailing	Argentina (Ship: Chaco)
1946	Gibson-Hill	Ornithological research on South Georgia Island.	England (Ship: small ship of his own)
1946/47	Rankin	Zoology and photographic research. Photographed South Georgia.	England (Ex-Lifeboat: Albatross)
1946/47		Meteorological and zoological research in the Australian sector	England (Ship: Balaena)
1946/47	Butler	Construction of stations at Admiralty Bay and Signy along with Argentina Islands. Sledge journeys in Southern Graham Land. Recordings of Trinity Peninsula.	England (Ships: Fitzroy & Trepassey)
1946/47	Byrd	Operation Highjump - a ship-based and land-based air expedition which mapped 1, 390,000 square km along the coasts of Antarctica. Flew over South Pole February 15, 1947. First use of helicopters and icebreakers.	USA (Ships:Northwind, Mount Olympus, Yancey, Merrick, Sennet, Pine Island, Brownson, Canisteo, Currituck, Cacapon, Henderson & Burton Island; Aircraft: 33)
1947		Air survey of Macquaire	Australia (Aircraft: Lincoln Bomber)
1947	Garcia	Established station on Melchior Bay, a beacon off Point Py and buoys off Cape Ann.	Argentina (Ships: Patagonia, Chaco, King, Murature, Ministro Ezcurra, Granville, & Don Samuel)
1947	Guesalaga	Constructed station at Greenwich. Research on islands especially Deception, Wiencke, Melchior and Marguerite Bay	Chile (Ships: Angamos & Iquique)
1947	Portilla	Flew from Argentina over Deception, Melchior and Adelaide Islands	Argentina (Aircraft: Douglas GT-1)
1947/48	Hermelo	Established Base Deception and an ancillary base at Admiralty Bay	Argentina (Ships: Pampa, Ministro Ezcurra, Murature, Chiriguano, Sanaviron, Seaver, Parker, E. Brunt, & Charrua)
1947/48	Holgerson	Oceanographic research in the area of Bellingshausen Sea. Landed on Peter I Island.	Norway (Ship: Brategg)
1947/48	Ketchum	Evacuated Little America Station. Established 17 Geodetic positions using aircraft.	USA (Ships: Edisto & Burton Island; Aircraft: 3 helicopters & 1 seaplane )
1947/48	Ronne	Air exploration of Weddell Sea coastline and mountain ranges of the Peninsula. Mapped Southern Graham Land. Discovery of Lassiter Ice Shelf and Edith Ronne Land. Expedition included 2 women.	USA (Ship: Port of Beaumont; Aircraft: 3 planes)
1947/48	Campbell	Mapped Balleny Islands. Cruise along the coast of King George V Land. Exploration of Macquarie.	Australia (Ship: Wyatt Earp)
1947/48	Dixon	Established stations on Heard and Macquarie.	Australia (Ship: L.S.T. 3501)
1947/48	Crawford	Erected Station on Marion Island. Measured the island and conducted biological research.	South Africa Union (Ships: Transvaal & Good Hope)
1948/53		Routine sailing near Marion	South Africa Union (Ships: 1948 Norse Captain & Bloemfontein)
1948	Fuchs	Established station in Admiralty Bay. Measured the islands there and the bay. Mapped Ross Island. Did geological research on Adelaide Island and Alexander I Island.	England (Ships: John Biscoe, Snipe, & Fitzroy)
1948	Carranza	Argentine maneuvers in the Bransfield Strait.	Argentina (Ships: Kreuzer Almirante Brown, Veinticinco de May, 6 Zerstörer, Transporter Pampa, Patagonia, & Ushuaia)
1948	Gonzales Navarrete	Established Base O'Higgins. Explored Bransfield Strait, 3 sledge journeys to the interior of Graham Land.	Chile (Ships: Convadonga & Rancagua)
1948	Law	Measurements of heard Island. Biological research.Cosmic radiation and ionospheric studies off Macquarie.	Australia (Ship: Labuan)
1948	Cabello Moya	Buildings and air beacon constructed on Waifs and Pabellon.	Argentina (Ship: Chiriguano, Sanaviron, & Charrua)
1948/49	Palau	Hydrographic and meteorologic work in the Bransfield Strait.	Argentina (Ships: Heroina & Sarandi)
1948/49	Liotard	Research on Adelie Land	France (Ship: Commandant Charcot)
1948/49		Relief party for Arturo Prat and O'Higgins Bases. That of O'Higgins accomplished by aircraft.	Chilie (Ships: Covadonga & Lautaro)
1949	Fuchs	Mapped King George Island. Sledge journeys to Dion Islands and Eklund Island south of Alexander I Land.	England (Ship: John Biscoe)
1949	Durquet	Built the huts Neko and established storage depots on Deception. Measurements in the Gerlache Strait.	Argentina (Shisp: Pampa, Chaco, Chiriguano, Sanaviron, & Punta Ninfas)
1949	Fountaine	Photographed a beach on Deception Island. Relief of O'Higgins by aircraft. Flight over Trinity Peninsula. Measurements in the South Shetlands.	Chile (Ships: Covadonga, Maipo, & Lautaro)
1949/50	Varela	Preparation for a new expedition.	Argentina (Ship: Chiriguano)
1949/50	Sicaud	Established a station on Kerguelen.	France (Ship: La Pérouse)
1949/50	Law	Continued scholarly research on Heard and Macquarie.	Australia (Ship: Labuan)
1949/50	Liotard	Constructed a station in Adelie Land. Sledge journeys to the E and W coasts and the interior of Adelie Land.	France (Ship: Commandant Charcot)
1949/50	Arizzi	Expedition of professors to Deception, Melchior and Drake Strait.	Argentina (Ship: Chaco & Punta Ninfas)
1949/50	Natho Davison	Relief expedition to Deception. Relief expedition to O'Higgins. Hydrographic work in Bransfield Strait. Built hut on Coppermine Cove on Cape Roberts.	Chile (Ships: Inquique, Maipo, & Lientur)
1949/52	Giaever	Established Maudheim Station . Sledge journeys and aerial photography of 38,000 miles of Queen Maud Land.	Norway, England, Sweden (Ship Norsel)

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Go To: Explorations Timeline: 1950s (coming soon)

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Information from:

Antarctic Circle (2003). Timeline of Antarctic Exploration. Online PDF: http://www.antarctic-circle.org/timeline.pdf

Antarctic Operation High Jump (2000). Antarctic Operation High Jump. Online: http://www.violations.dabsol.co.uk/enigma/enigma.htm

British Antarctic Survey (2002). History of Port Lockroy. Online: http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/About_BAS/Cambridge/Divisions/EID/Environment/Lockroy_History.html

Cameron, I. (1974). Antarctica: The last continent. London: Cassell & Company. pp. 243-247.

Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Ed. (2001). Finn Ronne. Online:
http://www.bartleby.com/65/ro/Ronne-Fi.html

Kosack, H.P., (1955). Geographische Handbücher die Antarktis, Keysersche Heidelberg: Verlagbuchhandlung. pp.261-285.

Ronne, F. (1949). Antarctic conquest. NY: G.P. Putnam's Sons.

Scott Polar Research Institute (2002). Norwegian, British,Sweden Antarctic expedition.Online: http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/resources/expeditions/nbsx/

South Georgia Island Environmental Website (2001). Early expeditions and research activity. Online: http://www.sgisland.org/pages/history/history5.htm

South Pole.com (2003). Antarctic Explorers. Online. http://www.south-pole.com

Wittenberg, E. (1997). Raiders. Online: http://www.geocities.com/kriegsmarine1939/raiders.htm

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